Understanding Computer Operating Systems and Types
- UNIX
The Operating System created by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, developed by AT&T Bell Labs is UNIX.
UNIX is designed as a portable, Multi-User and Multi-Tasking Operating System.
The UNIX Operating System places more emphasis on Workstations and Servers, due to the high availability and compatibility factors that cause UNIX to be used, copied and modified so that UNIX is developed by many parties and causes many variants of this UNIX.
UNIX is written in C language so that UNIX is similar to DOS, which is Line / Text Command Based besides UNIX is also a secure Operating System compared to other Operating Systems, because each file, directory, user and group has its own set of permissions to access. Because of the support of the GNU Project, then UNIX developed into LINUX (One variant of UNIX).
- LINUX
Initially Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds, which initially only made terminal emulation needed to access UNIX servers at his university.
Linux is a clone of MINIX (One of the UNIX variants), the system tools and libraries generally come from the GNU Operating System. Linux has many designs that come from the basic design of UNIX, Linux uses a Monilithic Kernel, the Linux Kernel to handle networking, process control, peripherals, and accessing the file system.
Just like UNIX, Linux can also be controlled by one or more text-based command line interfaces (CLI), a graphical user interface (GUI) which is the default configuration in the desktop version.
On Desktop computers, Xfce, KDE and GNOME are very popular user interfaces compared to other user interface variants. A Linux system provides a command line interface via a Shell (Konsole).
The main difference in Linux and other popular operating systems lies in the Linux Kernel and its free and open components. Just as in UNIX, Linux concentrates on Workstations and Servers, and many Workstations and Servers rely on Linux because Linux is very stable to function for a long period a long time and Linux is also immune to Malware.
There are several types of Linux distributions, such as: Ubuntu, Lycoris, Xandros, Linux-Mandrake, Linare, Lindows, Red Hat Linux, Debian, Knoppix, Fedora, Suse, Slackware.
- IBM OS / 2
International Business Machine Corporation and Microsoft Corporation made the IBM OS / 2 Operating System together, to function on IBM computers in lieu of the DOS Operating System.
Operating System / 2 is an abbreviation of the word OS /, this Operating System is designed to be enabled according to the full capabilities of the Intel 80286 Microprocessor, including among them the Protected Mode (Protected Mode), which is capable of supporting Virtual Memory and carrying out tasks simultaneously.
- MAC OS (MACINTOSH OPERATING SYSTEM)
Macintosh Operating System (MAC OS) is an Operating System created by Apple Computer specifically for Macintosh computers that are not compatible with IBM-based computers.
MAC OS is the first Operating System to use a graphical user interface (Graphical User Interface / GUI). There are 2 types of Macintosh, namely:
1. MAC OS Classic
Does not have any Command Line, fully uses Cooperative, and Multitasking uses the User Interface (UI)
2. MAC OS X
The OS OS X Operating System can include BSD Unix, One Step elements, and also MAC OS X Pre-Emptive Multitasking and has Unix-style memory.
Strengths on MAC OS:
1. MultiTasking
2. Safe from Malware.
3. Stable, because basically it uses UNIX.
4. Display (UI) is very good.
- FREE BSD
A free UNIX-type Operating System derived from UNIX AT&T is FreeBSD.
FreeBSD is running on an Intel x86 system. FreeBSD first appeared in 1993 by David Greenman. The aim of FreeBSD was to provide software that can be used for various purposes. FreeBSD itself developed from 386BSD on a BSD OS development project running on Intel Chip.
-SOLARIS
Solaris is an Operating System which is also based on the UNIX system that was allowed by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as a supporter of SunOS.
The well-known or superiority of Solaris is because of its stability, especially in the SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) system, Solaris is certified in the UNIX Specification even though at the beginning of its development based on private ownership,
The basic Solaris code is mostly OpenSource Software, commonly known as OpenSolaris.
OpenSolaris itself is the OpenSource version of the Sun Solaris Operating System, but Sun Solaris consists of more code that is not only the core of the Operating System, for example: Source for Installers, Software, Desktops.
Open Solaris has many features that make OpenSolaris can be used for a very large scale of use of use for desktop PCs and Mobile PCs.
The Open Solaris concept is:
1. Free Redistribution: Distributed freely.
2. Source Code: Source must be available for all distributions.
3. Delivered Works: Everyone can change the code and redistribute it.
4. No Discrimination: Codes must be provided for someone to develop.
The advantages of OpenSolaris compared to other OS (operating system) are;
1. ZFS: System Restore.
2. Race L: observes where the location of the application uses a lot of time and how long.
3. Failure Management: Prevents, corrects errors and diagnoses
4. Zona: Implements an OS (Operating System) abstraction that allows several applications to run in isolation from one another on the same physical hardware.
5.Multimedia.
- Chrome OS
(SO) Operating system from Google which is very light and based on Linux and the web standard for personal PC computers is Chrome OS.
Google Chrome itself works with the method of switching (Multi-Tasking), Windowing.
Google Chrome OS uses the HTML 5 web standard, which is software development in browsers based on the Operating System.
There are so many kinds of computer operating systems that continue to grow, there is no perfect operating system because each operating system has its own power and characteristics.