Understanding of Marketing, Objectives and Concepts According to Experts
Marketing - Definition, Objectives, Functions, Concepts, Types, Strategies, Experts: Marketing is the process of preparing integrated communication that aims to provide information about goods or services in relation to satisfying human needs and desires.
Marketing strategy
Understanding of Marketing
Marketing is the process of preparing integrated communication which aims to provide information about goods or services in relation to satisfying human needs and desires. Marketing begins with the fulfillment of human needs which then grows into human desires. For example, a human needs water to meet thirsty needs.
If there is a glass of thirsty water needs will be met. But humans not only want to fulfill their needs, but also want to fulfill their desires, for example a glass of Aqua brand water that is clean and easy to carry. The man then chose a bottle of Aqua needed by thirst and desire that was also easy to carry.
The process of fulfilling human needs and desires which is a marketing concept. Starting from the fulfillment of the product (product), price (price), delivery of goods (place), and promote goods (promotion). Someone who works in marketing is called a marketer. Marketers must have knowledge in marketing concepts and principles so that marketing activities can be achieved in accordance with human needs and desires, especially intended consumers.
Understanding of Marketing According to Experts
Kotler & Armstrong
Marketing is the managerial process of people in getting what they want and need through the creation and exchange of products offered and the value of their products to others.
Philp Kotler
A human activity aimed at meeting the needs of society through an exchange process.
Philip & Duncan
Marketing is something that consists of all the steps used to place goods that are bought and sold to buyers or consumers.
Large Language Dictionary
Marketing is a process; way; working in merchandise marketing; middle-class subjects spread across the wider community.
According to W. Y. Stanton
Marketing is something that covers all systems related to the purpose of planning and pricing up to promoting and distributing goods and services that can satisfy the needs of actual and potential buyers.
According to Wikipedia
Marketing is the process of preparing integrated communication and aims to provide information about the goods or services purchased and sold related to meeting the wants and needs of the community.
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Understanding of Personnel Management and Its Function and Purpose
Based on the above definition, the marketing process starts from finding what consumers want. Which ultimately has marketing objectives, namely:
Potential consumers to know in detail the products we produce and companies can provide all their requests for our products.
The company can explain in detail all activities related to marketing. This marketing activity includes a variety of activities, ranging from product description, product design, product promotion, product advertising, communication to consumers, to product delivery to reach consumers' hands quickly.
Get to know and understand the customer so that this product is suitable and can be sold by itself.
In general, marketing activities are related to the coordination of several business activities. This marketing strategy is influenced by factors such as the following:
Micro factors, namely marketing intermediaries, suppliers, competitors and the public
Macro factors, namely demography / economy, politics / law, technology / physical and social / culture.
Here are things to consider for marketing: From a seller's perspective:
A strategic place
Product quality
Competitive price
An intense promotion
From a consumer's perspective:
Consumer needs and desires
Consumer costs
Convenience
Communication
From what has been discussed above there are some things that can be concluded, that the manufacture of products or services desired by consumers must be the focus of company operations and planning. Sustainable marketing must coordinate well with various departments (not only in marketing), so as to create synergies in efforts to carry out marketing activities.
Marketing Objectives
The purpose of marketing is to attract attention and make interest. Marketing can create a brand image, to change that image and make people interested in what you sell. Marketing of products or services has never been done especially with billboards and print advertisements and is now generally done online and through social media. Marketing efforts, approaches and messages continue to grow. Instead of changing your product to keep up with changing times and tastes, you can change your marketing to make the product look as if it doesn't exist.
Marketing Functions
1. Exchange Function
With marketing buyers can buy products from producers either by exchanging money with products or exchanging products for products (barter) for their own use or for resale.
2. Physical Distribution Function
Physical distribution of a product is done by transporting and storing products. Products transported from producers approach consumers' needs in many ways through water, land, air, etc. Storage of products prioritizes maintaining product supply so as not to lack when needed.
3. Intermediary Function
To deliver products from the hands of producers to consumers, it can be done through marketing intermediaries that link exchange activities with physical distribution. Intermediary function activities include risk reduction, financing, information search and product standardization / classification.
Marketing concept
The core concepts of marketing include: needs, wants, demands, production, utilities, values and satisfaction; exchanges, transactions and market relations, marketing and markets. We can distinguish between needs, wants and requests. The need is felt the absence of a state certain basic satisfaction. Desire is a strong desire for satisfaction that is specific to deeper needs. Whereas Demand is the desire for specific products that are supported by the ability and willingness to buy it.
Various Marketing Concepts
The marketing concept says that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing the expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
In marketing there are six concepts that are the basis of the implementation of an organization's marketing activities, namely: the concept of production, product concepts, sales concepts, marketing concepts, social marketing concepts, and global marketing concepts.
Production concept
The concept of production believes that consumers will like products that are available everywhere and the price is cheap. This concept is oriented towards production by exerting all efforts to achieve high product efficiency and broad distribution. Here the task of management is to produce as many goods as possible, because consumers are considered to be receiving products that are widely available with their purchasing power.
Product concept
The product concept says that consumers will like products that offer the best quality, performance and characteristics. The task of management here is to make quality products, because consumers are considered to like high-quality products in appearance with the best features
Sales concept
The concept of sales holds that consumers, simply left, organizations must carry out aggressive sales and promotion efforts.
Marketing concept
The marketing concept says that the purpose of achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
The concept of social marketing
The concept of social marketing argues that the task of an organization is to determine the needs, desires and interests of the target market and to provide the expected satisfaction in a more effective and efficient manner than competitors, while preserving or improving the welfare of consumers and society.
The Concept of Global Marketing
In this global marketing concept, executive managers try to understand all the environmental factors that influence marketing through sound strategic management. the ultimate goal is to try to fulfill the wishes of all parties involved in the company.
Understanding of Marketing Strategy
Marketing strategy is making decisions about marketing costs, marketing mix, marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions and competitive conditions. In marketing strategies, there are three main factors that cause changes in marketing strategies, namely:
Product life cycle
The strategy must be adapted to the stages of the life cycle, namely the introductory stage, the stage of growth, the stage of maturity and the stage of decline.
The company's competitive position in the market
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the company's position in the competition, whether leading, challenging, following or only taking a small part of the market.
Economic situation
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the economic situation and outlook, whether the economy is in a prosperous situation or high inflation.
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Understanding of Marketing Strategy
Understanding of Marketing Strategy
Marketing strategy is making decisions about marketing costs, marketing mix, marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions and competitive conditions. In marketing strategies, there are three main factors that cause changes in marketing strategies, namely:
Product life cycle
The strategy must be adapted to the stages of the life cycle, namely the introductory stage, the stage of growth, the stage of maturity and the stage of decline.
The company's competitive position in the market
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the company's position in the competition, whether leading, challenging, following or only taking a small part of the market.
Economic situation
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the economic situation and outlook, whether the economy is in a prosperous situation or high inflation.
Understanding of Marketing Strategy
Marketing strategy is making decisions about marketing costs, marketing mix, marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions and competitive conditions. In marketing strategies, there are three main factors that cause changes in marketing strategies, namely:
Product life cycle
The strategy must be adapted to the stages of the life cycle, namely the introductory stage, the stage of growth, the stage of maturity and the stage of decline.
The company's competitive position in the market
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the company's position in the competition, whether leading, challenging, following or only taking a small part of the market.
Economic situation
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the economic situation and outlook, whether the economy is in a prosperous situation or high inflation.
Basics in determining Market Segmentation
In determining market segmentation there are several things that form the basis, namely:
Basics of market segmentation in the consumer market
Geographic variables, including: region, size of the region, size of the city, and climate density.
Demographic variables, including: age, family, life cycle, income, education, etc.
Psychological variables, including: social class, lifestyle, and personality.
Variable buyer behavior, including: benefits sought, user status, level of use, loyalty status and attitude to the product.
Basics of segmentation in industrial markets
Stage 1: establish macro segmentation, i.e. end-user market, geographical location, and number of subscriptions.
Stage 2: attitudes toward the seller, personality traits, product quality, and customers.
Market Segmentation Rate
Because purchases have unique needs and desires. Each buyer, has the potential to become a separate market. Therefore market segmentation can be built on several different levels.
Mass marketing
Mass marketing focuses on mass production, mass distribution and mass promotion of the same product in almost the same way across consumers.
Segment marketing
Segment marketing realizes that buyers differ in their needs, perceptions, and buying behavior.
Niche marketing
Niche marketing focuses on subgroups within segments. A niche is a group that is more narrowly defined.
Micro marketing
Product adjustment practices and marketing programs to suit individual tastes or specific locations. Included in micro marketing are local marketing and individual marketing.
Benefits of Market Segmentation
While the benefits of market segmentation are:
The seller or producer is in a better position to choose marketing opportunities.
Sellers or producers can use their knowledge on different marketing responses, so they can allocate their budgets more precisely to various segments.
The seller or manufacturer can better manage the product and its marketing appeal
Determine the Target Market
The steps in determining the target market are:
The first step
Calculate and assess the profit potential of various existing segments
Second step
Record sales results last year and estimate for the coming year.
Marketing strategy is making decisions about marketing costs, marketing mix, marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions and competitive conditions. In marketing strategies, there are three main factors that cause changes in marketing strategies, namely:
Product life cycle
The strategy must be adapted to the stages of the life cycle, namely the introductory stage, the stage of growth, the stage of maturity and the stage of decline.
The company's competitive position in the market
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the company's position in the competition, whether leading, challenging, following or only taking a small part of the market.
Economic situation
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the economic situation and outlook, whether the economy is in a prosperous situation or high inflation.
Understanding of Marketing Strategy
Marketing strategy is making decisions about marketing costs, marketing mix, marketing allocation in relation to the expected environmental conditions and competitive conditions. In marketing strategies, there are three main factors that cause changes in marketing strategies, namely:
Product life cycle
The strategy must be adapted to the stages of the life cycle, namely the introductory stage, the stage of growth, the stage of maturity and the stage of decline.
The company's competitive position in the market
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the company's position in the competition, whether leading, challenging, following or only taking a small part of the market.
Economic situation
Marketing strategies must be adapted to the economic situation and outlook, whether the economy is in a prosperous situation or high inflation.
Basics in determining Market Segmentation
In determining market segmentation there are several things that form the basis, namely:
Basics of market segmentation in the consumer market
Geographic variables, including: region, size of the region, size of the city, and climate density.
Demographic variables, including: age, family, life cycle, income, education, etc.
Psychological variables, including: social class, lifestyle, and personality.
Variable buyer behavior, including: benefits sought, user status, level of use, loyalty status and attitude to the product.
Basics of segmentation in industrial markets
Stage 1: establish macro segmentation, i.e. end-user market, geographical location, and number of subscriptions.
Stage 2: attitudes toward the seller, personality traits, product quality, and customers.
Market Segmentation Rate
Because purchases have unique needs and desires. Each buyer, has the potential to become a separate market. Therefore market segmentation can be built on several different levels.
Mass marketing
Mass marketing focuses on mass production, mass distribution and mass promotion of the same product in almost the same way across consumers.
Segment marketing
Segment marketing realizes that buyers differ in their needs, perceptions, and buying behavior.
Niche marketing
Niche marketing focuses on subgroups within segments. A niche is a group that is more narrowly defined.
Micro marketing
Product adjustment practices and marketing programs to suit individual tastes or specific locations. Included in micro marketing are local marketing and individual marketing.
Benefits of Market Segmentation
While the benefits of market segmentation are:
The seller or producer is in a better position to choose marketing opportunities.
Sellers or producers can use their knowledge on different marketing responses, so they can allocate their budgets more precisely to various segments.
The seller or manufacturer can better manage the product and its marketing appeal
Determine the Target Market
The steps in determining the target market are:
The first step
Calculate and assess the profit potential of various existing segments
Second step
Record sales results last year and estimate for the coming year.
Function and Understanding of the Marketing System
Function and Understanding of the Marketing System
Exchange function
With marketing buyers can buy products from producers either by exchanging money with products or exchanging products for products (barter) for their own use or for resale.
Physical Distribution Function
Physical distribution of a product is done by transporting and storing products. Products transported from producers approach consumers' needs in many ways through water, land, air, etc. Storage of products prioritizes maintaining product supply so as not to lack when needed.
Intermediary Function
To deliver products from the hands of producers to consumers, it can be done through marketing intermediaries that link exchange activities with physical distribution. Intermediary function activities include risk reduction, financing, information search and product standardization / classification.
Marketing concept
The core concepts of marketing include: needs, wants, demands, production, utilities, values and satisfaction; exchanges, transactions and market relations, marketing and markets. We can distinguish between needs, wants and requests. The need is felt the absence of a state certain basic satisfaction. Desire is a strong desire for satisfaction that is specific to deeper needs. Whereas Demand is the desire for specific products that are supported by the ability and willingness to buy it.
Types of Marketing Concepts
The marketing concept says that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing the expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
In marketing there are six concepts that are the basis of the implementation of an organization's marketing activities, namely: the concept of production, product concepts, sales concepts, marketing concepts, social marketing concepts, and global marketing concepts.
Production concept
The concept of production believes that consumers will like products that are available everywhere and the price is cheap. This concept is oriented towards production by exerting all efforts to achieve high product efficiency and broad distribution. Here the task of management is to produce as many goods as possible, because consumers are considered to be receiving products that are widely available with their purchasing power.
Product concept
The product concept says that consumers will like products that offer the best quality, performance and characteristics. The task of management here is to make quality products, because consumers are considered to like high-quality products in appearance with the best features.
Sales concept
The concept of sales holds that consumers, simply left, organizations must carry out aggressive sales and promotion efforts.
Marketing concept
The marketing concept says that the purpose of achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
The concept of social marketing
The concept of social marketing argues that the task of an organization is to determine the needs, desires and interests of the target market and to provide the expected satisfaction in a more effective and efficient manner than competitors, while preserving or improving the welfare of consumers and society.
The Concept of Global Marketing
In this global marketing concept, executive managers try to understand all the environmental factors that influence marketing through sound strategic management. the ultimate goal is to try to fulfill the wishes of all parties involved in the company.
Understanding of the Marketing System
The system is a group of items or parts that are interconnected and interrelated permanently in forming an integrated whole. So it can be interpreted as a marketing system is a collection of institutions that do the task of marketing goods, services, ideas, people, and environmental factors that mutually influence and shape and influence the company's relationship with its market.
In marketing a group of items that are interconnected and interrelated it includes:
Combined organizations that carry out marketing work.
Products, services, ideas or people being marketed.
Target market.
Intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, transport agents, financial institutions).
Environmental constraints (environmental constraints).
The simplest marketing system consists of two interrelated elements, namely marketing organization and its target market. The elements in a marketing system are similar to the elements that exist in a stereo radio system. Work separately, but when met appropriately.
Types of Marketing Systems
Marketing system with vertical channels
In this system producers, wholesalers, and retailers act in a cohesive manner.
Purpose :
Control channel behavior
Prevent disputes between channel members
Marketing system with horizontal channels
In this system, there is a collaboration between two or more companies that join to take advantage of marketing opportunities that arise.
Multiple channel marketing system
In this system, several styles of distribution with the arrangement of distribution and management functions are combined, then from the back is centrally led.
Exchange function
With marketing buyers can buy products from producers either by exchanging money with products or exchanging products for products (barter) for their own use or for resale.
Physical Distribution Function
Physical distribution of a product is done by transporting and storing products. Products transported from producers approach consumers' needs in many ways through water, land, air, etc. Storage of products prioritizes maintaining product supply so as not to lack when needed.
Intermediary Function
To deliver products from the hands of producers to consumers, it can be done through marketing intermediaries that link exchange activities with physical distribution. Intermediary function activities include risk reduction, financing, information search and product standardization / classification.
Marketing concept
The core concepts of marketing include: needs, wants, demands, production, utilities, values and satisfaction; exchanges, transactions and market relations, marketing and markets. We can distinguish between needs, wants and requests. The need is felt the absence of a state certain basic satisfaction. Desire is a strong desire for satisfaction that is specific to deeper needs. Whereas Demand is the desire for specific products that are supported by the ability and willingness to buy it.
Types of Marketing Concepts
The marketing concept says that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing the expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
In marketing there are six concepts that are the basis of the implementation of an organization's marketing activities, namely: the concept of production, product concepts, sales concepts, marketing concepts, social marketing concepts, and global marketing concepts.
Production concept
The concept of production believes that consumers will like products that are available everywhere and the price is cheap. This concept is oriented towards production by exerting all efforts to achieve high product efficiency and broad distribution. Here the task of management is to produce as many goods as possible, because consumers are considered to be receiving products that are widely available with their purchasing power.
Product concept
The product concept says that consumers will like products that offer the best quality, performance and characteristics. The task of management here is to make quality products, because consumers are considered to like high-quality products in appearance with the best features.
Sales concept
The concept of sales holds that consumers, simply left, organizations must carry out aggressive sales and promotion efforts.
Marketing concept
The marketing concept says that the purpose of achieving organizational goals consists in determining the needs and desires of the target market and providing expected satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors.
The concept of social marketing
The concept of social marketing argues that the task of an organization is to determine the needs, desires and interests of the target market and to provide the expected satisfaction in a more effective and efficient manner than competitors, while preserving or improving the welfare of consumers and society.
The Concept of Global Marketing
In this global marketing concept, executive managers try to understand all the environmental factors that influence marketing through sound strategic management. the ultimate goal is to try to fulfill the wishes of all parties involved in the company.
Understanding of the Marketing System
The system is a group of items or parts that are interconnected and interrelated permanently in forming an integrated whole. So it can be interpreted as a marketing system is a collection of institutions that do the task of marketing goods, services, ideas, people, and environmental factors that mutually influence and shape and influence the company's relationship with its market.
In marketing a group of items that are interconnected and interrelated it includes:
Combined organizations that carry out marketing work.
Products, services, ideas or people being marketed.
Target market.
Intermediaries (retailers, wholesalers, transport agents, financial institutions).
Environmental constraints (environmental constraints).
The simplest marketing system consists of two interrelated elements, namely marketing organization and its target market. The elements in a marketing system are similar to the elements that exist in a stereo radio system. Work separately, but when met appropriately.
Types of Marketing Systems
Marketing system with vertical channels
In this system producers, wholesalers, and retailers act in a cohesive manner.
Purpose :
Control channel behavior
Prevent disputes between channel members
Marketing system with horizontal channels
In this system, there is a collaboration between two or more companies that join to take advantage of marketing opportunities that arise.
Multiple channel marketing system
In this system, several styles of distribution with the arrangement of distribution and management functions are combined, then from the back is centrally led.
Understanding of Marketing Strategies and Concepts
Understanding of Marketing Strategies and Concepts
Marketing Strategy - Definition, Function, Concepts, Types, Segmentation, Benefits, Kinds, Experts: Strategy is the science and art of using the best possible joint capabilities of resources and the environment.
Marketing strategy
Understanding Strategy
Strategy is the science and art of using the best possible shared resources and environment effectively. There are four important elements in the understanding of strategy, namely: ability, resources, environment, and goals. These four elements, in such a way are put together rationally and beautifully so that several alternative choices emerge which are then evaluated and taken the best. The formulation of the strategy does not always provide information on what will be done, why it is done that way, who is responsible and operational, how much will it cost and how long will it be implemented, what results will be obtained.
Finally, not forgetting the existence of a strategy must be consistent with the environment, have alternative strategies, focus on excellence and overall, consider the presence of risk, and equipped with social responsibility. In short, the strategies set must not neglect goals, capabilities, resources, and the environment. The existence of a strategy has a relatively long period of time. That, implies the prediction of environmental change is important to get attention.
In the field of management, the definition of strategy is quite diverse and varies from several experts and authors. Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (in the book "Exploring Corporate Strategy") for example define strategy as the long-term direction and scope of the organization to gain excellence through the configuration of natural resources and the changing environment to meet market needs and meet the expectations of interested parties.
Henry Mintzberg defines strategy as 5P, namely:
strategy as PERSPECTIVE,
strategy as POSITION,
strategy as PLANNING,
strategy as a PATTERN of activities,
strategy as "FRAUD" (Ploy)
namely secret deception. As a Perspective, where the strategy in shaping the mission, the mission describes the perspective of all activities. As Position, where the choice to compete is sought. As a plan, in terms of strategy determine the company's performance goals. As a pattern of activities, where in the strategy formed a pattern, namely feedback and adjustments.
From various definitions and definitions of strategy, in general it can be defined that the strategy is a plan of a series of maneuvers, which includes all visible and invisible elements, to ensure the success of achieving goals.
Understanding of Marketing According to Experts
There are several definitions of marketing from several experts including:
Philip Kotler (Marketing)
marketing is a human activity that is directed to meet the needs and desires through the exchange process.
According to Philip Kotler and Armstrong marketing
is as a social and managerial process that makes individuals and groups get what they need and want through the creation and mutual exchange of products and values with others.
Marketing in General
is a total system of business activities designed to plan, determine prices, promote and distribute goods that can satisfy the desires and reach the target market and company goals.
According to W Stanton
marketing is an overall system of business activities aimed at planning, pricing, promoting and distributing goods and services that can satisfy the needs of both buyers and potential buyers.
If we draw conclusions about the definition of marketing is a combination of activities that are interconnected to determine consumer needs and develop promotions, distribution, services and prices so that consumer needs can be satisfied with a certain level of profit.
With the marketing of consumers, there is no need to fulfill personal needs individually by exchanging between consumers and marketers so that there will be plenty of consumer time for activities that are controlled or preferred.
Marketing Strategy - Definition, Function, Concepts, Types, Segmentation, Benefits, Kinds, Experts: Strategy is the science and art of using the best possible joint capabilities of resources and the environment.
Marketing strategy
Understanding Strategy
Strategy is the science and art of using the best possible shared resources and environment effectively. There are four important elements in the understanding of strategy, namely: ability, resources, environment, and goals. These four elements, in such a way are put together rationally and beautifully so that several alternative choices emerge which are then evaluated and taken the best. The formulation of the strategy does not always provide information on what will be done, why it is done that way, who is responsible and operational, how much will it cost and how long will it be implemented, what results will be obtained.
Finally, not forgetting the existence of a strategy must be consistent with the environment, have alternative strategies, focus on excellence and overall, consider the presence of risk, and equipped with social responsibility. In short, the strategies set must not neglect goals, capabilities, resources, and the environment. The existence of a strategy has a relatively long period of time. That, implies the prediction of environmental change is important to get attention.
In the field of management, the definition of strategy is quite diverse and varies from several experts and authors. Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (in the book "Exploring Corporate Strategy") for example define strategy as the long-term direction and scope of the organization to gain excellence through the configuration of natural resources and the changing environment to meet market needs and meet the expectations of interested parties.
Henry Mintzberg defines strategy as 5P, namely:
strategy as PERSPECTIVE,
strategy as POSITION,
strategy as PLANNING,
strategy as a PATTERN of activities,
strategy as "FRAUD" (Ploy)
namely secret deception. As a Perspective, where the strategy in shaping the mission, the mission describes the perspective of all activities. As Position, where the choice to compete is sought. As a plan, in terms of strategy determine the company's performance goals. As a pattern of activities, where in the strategy formed a pattern, namely feedback and adjustments.
From various definitions and definitions of strategy, in general it can be defined that the strategy is a plan of a series of maneuvers, which includes all visible and invisible elements, to ensure the success of achieving goals.
Understanding of Marketing According to Experts
There are several definitions of marketing from several experts including:
Philip Kotler (Marketing)
marketing is a human activity that is directed to meet the needs and desires through the exchange process.
According to Philip Kotler and Armstrong marketing
is as a social and managerial process that makes individuals and groups get what they need and want through the creation and mutual exchange of products and values with others.
Marketing in General
is a total system of business activities designed to plan, determine prices, promote and distribute goods that can satisfy the desires and reach the target market and company goals.
According to W Stanton
marketing is an overall system of business activities aimed at planning, pricing, promoting and distributing goods and services that can satisfy the needs of both buyers and potential buyers.
If we draw conclusions about the definition of marketing is a combination of activities that are interconnected to determine consumer needs and develop promotions, distribution, services and prices so that consumer needs can be satisfied with a certain level of profit.
With the marketing of consumers, there is no need to fulfill personal needs individually by exchanging between consumers and marketers so that there will be plenty of consumer time for activities that are controlled or preferred.
Sales Accounting Information System Planning Function
Sales Accounting Information System Planning Function
The Following Is The Function of Sales Accounting Information System Planning.
Cash Function
This function is responsible for receiving cash from buyers.
Warehouse Function
The function of the warehouse is to provide goods needed by customers in accordance with those listed in the copy of the sales invoice received from the sales function.
Accounting Function
This function is responsible for recording sales transactions and cash receipts and making sales reports.
Delivery function
The function of delivery is to deliver goods in quantity, quality, and specifications in accordance with those contained in the copy of the sales invoice received from the sales function.
Understanding of the Accounting System
Accounting Information System Components
Accounting information systems consist of elements or components that interact with one another and form a unity in an information system building structure to achieve its goals. The information system building consists of 6 blocks called information system building blocks (Cushing, translated Ruhiyat Kosasih.1983) as follows:
Input Block
Input is data that is entered into the information system. Input problems include methods and media (generally source documents, source documents) to capture data to be entered into the system.
Block Model Process (Process Block)
This block model consists of a combination of procedures, logic and mathematical models that will manipulate data. The data is stored in the data bank in a certain way to produce the desired output.
Output Block
The results of the information system are outputs or outputs that are quality information or reports that are useful for the management level and all users of the information.
Technology Block
Technology is a "tool-box" in an information system. Technology is useful for receiving input, running models, storing and accessing data, generating and sending outputs and helping control the overall system.
Database Block
Collection of data related or related in an integrated manner with each other, stored in the computer hardware and used software to manipulate it is a database. The data in the database need to be stored for the purpose of providing further information.
Data in the database needs to be organized, in order to produce quality information. Database organization that is also useful for efficient storage capacity. The database is accessed or manipulated / processed using a package software called DBMS (Database Management Systems)
Control Block
Controls need to be applied in the system so that the information system can run as it should. Many things can damage the information system, such as the wrong process occurs, wrong formula, input data is entered incorrectly or misused, the system has not been tested, the system is not as needed, frauds occur, failures of the system itself, errors errors, inefficiencies, sabotage, natural disasters, fire / fire, water, temperature, and so on.
So that risks that can damage the system can be prevented or if it can already be overcome immediately, it is necessary to design and implement some internal controls to ensure that everything is working as it should.
Main Accounting System
From the definition of the accounting system, the main accounting system is composed as follows:
Form is a document used to record the transaction. Forms are often referred to as documents, because with this form events that occur in organizations are recorded (documented) on a piece of paper.
The journal is the first accounting record used to record, classify, and summarize financial data and other data.
Ledgers are accounts that are used to summarize financial data that has been previously recorded in a journal.
Ledgers are auxiliary accounts detailing financial data contained in certain accounts in the general ledger.
The report is the final result of the accounting process is a financial statement that can be in the form of a balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in retained earnings, statement of cost of production, marketing cost report, cost of goods sold, general list of accounts receivable, list of debts to be paid, list of balances inventory that is slow in sales.
General Purpose Accounting System Development
The general objectives of developing an accounting system are as follows:
to provide information for the management of new business activities
to improve the information generated by the existing system, both regarding the quality, accuracy of presentation, and the structure of the information
to improve accounting controls and internal checks, namely to improve the level of reliability of accounting information and to provide a complete record of the liability and protection of company assets.
to reduce the clerical costs of administering accounting records.
Relationship of accounting systems with management information systems
The company's management runs the company's business using an information system called a management information system. To market the products and services produced by the company, management uses a marketing information system.
The Following Is The Function of Sales Accounting Information System Planning.
Cash Function
This function is responsible for receiving cash from buyers.
Warehouse Function
The function of the warehouse is to provide goods needed by customers in accordance with those listed in the copy of the sales invoice received from the sales function.
Accounting Function
This function is responsible for recording sales transactions and cash receipts and making sales reports.
Delivery function
The function of delivery is to deliver goods in quantity, quality, and specifications in accordance with those contained in the copy of the sales invoice received from the sales function.
Understanding of the Accounting System
Accounting Information System Components
Accounting information systems consist of elements or components that interact with one another and form a unity in an information system building structure to achieve its goals. The information system building consists of 6 blocks called information system building blocks (Cushing, translated Ruhiyat Kosasih.1983) as follows:
Input Block
Input is data that is entered into the information system. Input problems include methods and media (generally source documents, source documents) to capture data to be entered into the system.
Block Model Process (Process Block)
This block model consists of a combination of procedures, logic and mathematical models that will manipulate data. The data is stored in the data bank in a certain way to produce the desired output.
Output Block
The results of the information system are outputs or outputs that are quality information or reports that are useful for the management level and all users of the information.
Technology Block
Technology is a "tool-box" in an information system. Technology is useful for receiving input, running models, storing and accessing data, generating and sending outputs and helping control the overall system.
Database Block
Collection of data related or related in an integrated manner with each other, stored in the computer hardware and used software to manipulate it is a database. The data in the database need to be stored for the purpose of providing further information.
Data in the database needs to be organized, in order to produce quality information. Database organization that is also useful for efficient storage capacity. The database is accessed or manipulated / processed using a package software called DBMS (Database Management Systems)
Control Block
Controls need to be applied in the system so that the information system can run as it should. Many things can damage the information system, such as the wrong process occurs, wrong formula, input data is entered incorrectly or misused, the system has not been tested, the system is not as needed, frauds occur, failures of the system itself, errors errors, inefficiencies, sabotage, natural disasters, fire / fire, water, temperature, and so on.
So that risks that can damage the system can be prevented or if it can already be overcome immediately, it is necessary to design and implement some internal controls to ensure that everything is working as it should.
Main Accounting System
From the definition of the accounting system, the main accounting system is composed as follows:
Form is a document used to record the transaction. Forms are often referred to as documents, because with this form events that occur in organizations are recorded (documented) on a piece of paper.
The journal is the first accounting record used to record, classify, and summarize financial data and other data.
Ledgers are accounts that are used to summarize financial data that has been previously recorded in a journal.
Ledgers are auxiliary accounts detailing financial data contained in certain accounts in the general ledger.
The report is the final result of the accounting process is a financial statement that can be in the form of a balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in retained earnings, statement of cost of production, marketing cost report, cost of goods sold, general list of accounts receivable, list of debts to be paid, list of balances inventory that is slow in sales.
General Purpose Accounting System Development
The general objectives of developing an accounting system are as follows:
to provide information for the management of new business activities
to improve the information generated by the existing system, both regarding the quality, accuracy of presentation, and the structure of the information
to improve accounting controls and internal checks, namely to improve the level of reliability of accounting information and to provide a complete record of the liability and protection of company assets.
to reduce the clerical costs of administering accounting records.
Relationship of accounting systems with management information systems
The company's management runs the company's business using an information system called a management information system. To market the products and services produced by the company, management uses a marketing information system.
Understanding of the Accounting System and Its Functions
Understanding of the Accounting System and Its Functions
Understanding Accounting Systems - Functions, Components, Objectives, Relationships, Examples, Experts: An accounting system is composed of forms, records, procedures and tools used to process data about an attempt about an economic error in order to produce feedback in the form of reports.
Accounting System Functions
Understanding of the Accounting System
An accounting system is composed of forms, records, procedures and tools used to process data about an economic error effort in order to produce feedback in the form of reports needed by management to oversee its efforts and for other interested parties such as shareholders, creditors, and government institutions to assess the results of operations.
The existence of an adequate accounting system, makes the company's accountants can provide financial information for each level of management, owners or shareholders, creditors and other users of financial statements that are used as the basis for economic decision making. The system can be used by management to plan and control company operations.
One system that can be used by company management is the salary accounting system. To overcome the mistakes and irregularities in the calculation and payment of salaries, it is necessary to make a payroll and wage accounting system. Salary accounting systems are also designed by companies to provide a clear picture of employee salaries so that they are easy to understand and easy to use.
Understanding Payroll Accounting Systems According to Experts
Some definitions or definitions of the payroll accounting system put forward by experts such as:
According to Neunar (1997: 210)
The salary accounting system for most companies is a system of procedures and records that gives the possibility to quickly and precisely determine how much gross income each employee has, how much to deduct and income for various taxes and other deductions and how much balance to give to employees.
According to Zaki Baridwan (1999: 102)
A framework of the most relevant procedures in accordance with the overall scheme to carry out the main activities and functions of the company.
According to Mulyadi (2003: 17)
Salary accounting system is designed to handle employee salary calculation transactions and payments, the design of payroll and wage accounting systems must be able to guarantee validity, authorization of completeness, classification of valuations, timeliness and accuracy of posts as well as an overview of each payroll and wage transactions.
Payroll Accounting System Functions
In the company salary accounting system there are several functions involved in recording and providing employee salaries. These functions work together and are interconnected with one another for certain purposes. According to Mulyadi (2003: 382) the function of the payroll accounting system is as follows:
Staffing Function
Employment function, this function is responsible for finding new employees, selecting prospective employees, deciding on the placement of new employees, making decisions on employee salary rates, promotions and salary classes, employee mutations and termination of employees.
Timekeeping Function
Timing function This function is responsible for maintaining attendance records for all company employees. The employee's time attendance function may not be carried out by the operating function or by the payroll register function.
Salary List Builder Function
The function of the list maker is responsible for making a payroll that contains the gross income that is due and various deductions that are borne by each employee during the period of salary payment. The payroll is submitted by the payroll maker to the accounting function to produce proof of cash out which is used as the basis for salary payment.
Accounting Function
The accounting function is responsible for recording obligations incurred in relation to payment of employee salaries (eg employee salary debt, pension fund debt). The accounting function that handles the payroll and wage accounting systems is in the hands of the debt department, the expense card section and the journal section.
Financial Function
The financial function is responsible for filling out checks to pay salaries and cashing the checks to the bank. The cash is then put into an employee salary envelope and then distributed to eligible employees. These functions work together and are related to one another to form a good payroll and wage accounting system.
Understanding Accounting Systems - Functions, Components, Objectives, Relationships, Examples, Experts: An accounting system is composed of forms, records, procedures and tools used to process data about an attempt about an economic error in order to produce feedback in the form of reports.
Accounting System Functions
Understanding of the Accounting System
An accounting system is composed of forms, records, procedures and tools used to process data about an economic error effort in order to produce feedback in the form of reports needed by management to oversee its efforts and for other interested parties such as shareholders, creditors, and government institutions to assess the results of operations.
The existence of an adequate accounting system, makes the company's accountants can provide financial information for each level of management, owners or shareholders, creditors and other users of financial statements that are used as the basis for economic decision making. The system can be used by management to plan and control company operations.
One system that can be used by company management is the salary accounting system. To overcome the mistakes and irregularities in the calculation and payment of salaries, it is necessary to make a payroll and wage accounting system. Salary accounting systems are also designed by companies to provide a clear picture of employee salaries so that they are easy to understand and easy to use.
Understanding Payroll Accounting Systems According to Experts
Some definitions or definitions of the payroll accounting system put forward by experts such as:
According to Neunar (1997: 210)
The salary accounting system for most companies is a system of procedures and records that gives the possibility to quickly and precisely determine how much gross income each employee has, how much to deduct and income for various taxes and other deductions and how much balance to give to employees.
According to Zaki Baridwan (1999: 102)
A framework of the most relevant procedures in accordance with the overall scheme to carry out the main activities and functions of the company.
According to Mulyadi (2003: 17)
Salary accounting system is designed to handle employee salary calculation transactions and payments, the design of payroll and wage accounting systems must be able to guarantee validity, authorization of completeness, classification of valuations, timeliness and accuracy of posts as well as an overview of each payroll and wage transactions.
Payroll Accounting System Functions
In the company salary accounting system there are several functions involved in recording and providing employee salaries. These functions work together and are interconnected with one another for certain purposes. According to Mulyadi (2003: 382) the function of the payroll accounting system is as follows:
Staffing Function
Employment function, this function is responsible for finding new employees, selecting prospective employees, deciding on the placement of new employees, making decisions on employee salary rates, promotions and salary classes, employee mutations and termination of employees.
Timekeeping Function
Timing function This function is responsible for maintaining attendance records for all company employees. The employee's time attendance function may not be carried out by the operating function or by the payroll register function.
Salary List Builder Function
The function of the list maker is responsible for making a payroll that contains the gross income that is due and various deductions that are borne by each employee during the period of salary payment. The payroll is submitted by the payroll maker to the accounting function to produce proof of cash out which is used as the basis for salary payment.
Accounting Function
The accounting function is responsible for recording obligations incurred in relation to payment of employee salaries (eg employee salary debt, pension fund debt). The accounting function that handles the payroll and wage accounting systems is in the hands of the debt department, the expense card section and the journal section.
Financial Function
The financial function is responsible for filling out checks to pay salaries and cashing the checks to the bank. The cash is then put into an employee salary envelope and then distributed to eligible employees. These functions work together and are related to one another to form a good payroll and wage accounting system.
Understanding the Economic Motives of the Classification Principle
Understanding the Economic Motives of the Classification Principle
Economic Motives - Definition, Action, Origin, Principle, Classification, Kinds, Example: Every activity carried out by humans must be motivated by the desire to obtain the things we want. in this case it can also be called an economic motive.
Understanding Economic Motives
Economic motives are every reason, encouragement, and activity carried out by a person or entity to carry out an economic action. The word Motive comes from the word motive (English), that is reason or mobilizer. Every reason will encourage people to do an activity, act or action. Every activity, action or action of a person is driven by a desire / motive to achieve certain goals.
Economic Action
Economic Actions are all human endeavors to meet unlimited needs with good consideration based on priorities to achieve prosperity.
Needs are human desires that demand to be fulfilled such as eating, drinking, clothing, housing, education, and so on.
Humans who try or work to earn income, meaning he has done economic action, because humans can use it to meet their daily needs.
Humans try to fulfill their needs starting from the most basic needs (food, clothing and shelter needs) to higher needs (security needs, respect, self-esteem, and self-actualization).
Origin of Economic Motives
Intrinsic motives
Intrinsic motive is the desire to obtain the desired goods or services with one's own awareness. An example of an intrinsic motive is someone who wants to be smart so he must study on his own seriously.
Motif ekstrinsik
Motif ekstrinsik adalah keinginan seseorang untuk memperoleh ba-rang atau jasa yang diinginkan, tidak dengan kemampuan sendiri me-lainkan dengan dorongan dari orang lain. Contohnya ialah seseorang yang ingin memiliki rumah pribadi seperti teman-temannya, maka ia harus bekerja keras untuk memperoleh pendapatan.
Economic Principles
Economic principles are efforts or considerations that are accompanied by the least sacrifice to achieve certain results or with certain sacrifices to achieve the maximum results.
The benefits of economic principles are to obtain maximum results at a certain level (maximum profit) and minimize losses suffered at a certain level (minimum sacrifice).
Classification of Economic Principles
The principle of consumer economics
The principle of producer economics
The principle of distributor economy
Various economic motives
As for the various types of economic motives, including the following:
1. Motives in meeting needs
The motive for meeting needs is a human action that is driven by a desire to fulfill a need. To maintain continuity in life, everyone has a need, both in the form of goods and services that must be met. Usually in a need is unlimited in nature, while the satisfiers are limited.
Therefore, everyone must have a careful and mature calculation in order to get the results that are in line with their expectations. Human tendency that is always to achieve a prosperity for his life. This prosperity can be interpreted as a condition where humans can to fulfill most of their lives.
For example: someone will work hard to get money that money can later be used to meet their daily needs.
2. Motives for making a profit
The motive for making profit is everything that drives people to take an economic action to make a profit. Someone to meet a necessity of life that is motivated by a motive or hope to get a profit / profit.
This motive is an impetus that arises with the aim of getting additional benefits, both in the form of money and goods. By getting a profit it is expected that a person's wealth can increase and he can maintain his survival better.
For example: a clothing merchant sells clothes with very good quality and relatively cheap prices and by serving them very friendly. Many people buy so he gets a lot of profit.
3. Motives for gaining economic power
The motive to get economic power is a desire of people who are already prosperous, but still to carry out an economic action due to the urge to get a power in various business activities in an economy.
For example: In a village that is happening in the election of a new lurah. Pak Ari, one of the lurah candidates, capitalizes on repairing damaged roads in his village, and organizes free medical treatment to the people in his village with the hope that in the village head election, he will get a voice of support from the surrounding community.
4. Motive to get an award
The motive for getting an award is a human action that is encouraged to get an award. Appreciation from others will provide a sense of satisfaction for an actor in economic activity. The award in question is not just to get a compliment or a charter but also wants to be in a higher social status than the surrounding community.
For example: there is a manager or entrepreneur still doing an economic activity with hard work even though he has achieved profits and prosperity. This was done so that he appeared as a reliable and respected manager. This achievement is not uncommon to produce an award from the government and from the business community. For example the manager is classified into the Top Manager version of an economic magazine and the company he manages receives an award from the government.
5. Social motives
Social motives are things that encourage people to take an economic action because they want to help others. Humans are economic creatures who are both social creatures. In addition to paying attention to a self-interest, humans must also care for each other. Social motives namely the encouragement that with an economic action that is done can provide a benefit or advantage for others.
Business Characteristics
In the world of economy, business has the following characteristics:
Social and economic institutions or institutions or organizations
Associated with a variety of goods and services that meet human needs.
Looking for profit, profit or profit.
Determine the appropriate price
There will be a possibility of loss
There are three important things in business, namely: producing goods and services, looking for profit, and maximizing consumer needs.
Types of Activities of a Business
Business activities as an organization, can consist of:
Production: creation of goods and services.
Finance: activities to find the funds needed to carry out trade activities.
Marketing: Activities to inform goods and services, identify consumer desires.
Human resource management: activities to find workers and improve their abilities.
The Purpose Of A Business
The business goal, according to Sternberg, is to multiply the values of company owners through the sale of goods or services. The intended value here is of course economic value or profit, simply the purpose of a business activity is to multiply the profits for the owner of the company or business by selling goods and services. The assertion that multiplying profits is the only objective of business is identical by saying that it is essential that business cannot be separated from capitalism.
Economic Motives - Definition, Action, Origin, Principle, Classification, Kinds, Example: Every activity carried out by humans must be motivated by the desire to obtain the things we want. in this case it can also be called an economic motive.
Understanding Economic Motives
Economic motives are every reason, encouragement, and activity carried out by a person or entity to carry out an economic action. The word Motive comes from the word motive (English), that is reason or mobilizer. Every reason will encourage people to do an activity, act or action. Every activity, action or action of a person is driven by a desire / motive to achieve certain goals.
Economic Action
Economic Actions are all human endeavors to meet unlimited needs with good consideration based on priorities to achieve prosperity.
Needs are human desires that demand to be fulfilled such as eating, drinking, clothing, housing, education, and so on.
Humans who try or work to earn income, meaning he has done economic action, because humans can use it to meet their daily needs.
Humans try to fulfill their needs starting from the most basic needs (food, clothing and shelter needs) to higher needs (security needs, respect, self-esteem, and self-actualization).
Origin of Economic Motives
Intrinsic motives
Intrinsic motive is the desire to obtain the desired goods or services with one's own awareness. An example of an intrinsic motive is someone who wants to be smart so he must study on his own seriously.
Motif ekstrinsik
Motif ekstrinsik adalah keinginan seseorang untuk memperoleh ba-rang atau jasa yang diinginkan, tidak dengan kemampuan sendiri me-lainkan dengan dorongan dari orang lain. Contohnya ialah seseorang yang ingin memiliki rumah pribadi seperti teman-temannya, maka ia harus bekerja keras untuk memperoleh pendapatan.
Economic Principles
Economic principles are efforts or considerations that are accompanied by the least sacrifice to achieve certain results or with certain sacrifices to achieve the maximum results.
The benefits of economic principles are to obtain maximum results at a certain level (maximum profit) and minimize losses suffered at a certain level (minimum sacrifice).
Classification of Economic Principles
The principle of consumer economics
The principle of producer economics
The principle of distributor economy
Various economic motives
As for the various types of economic motives, including the following:
1. Motives in meeting needs
The motive for meeting needs is a human action that is driven by a desire to fulfill a need. To maintain continuity in life, everyone has a need, both in the form of goods and services that must be met. Usually in a need is unlimited in nature, while the satisfiers are limited.
Therefore, everyone must have a careful and mature calculation in order to get the results that are in line with their expectations. Human tendency that is always to achieve a prosperity for his life. This prosperity can be interpreted as a condition where humans can to fulfill most of their lives.
For example: someone will work hard to get money that money can later be used to meet their daily needs.
2. Motives for making a profit
The motive for making profit is everything that drives people to take an economic action to make a profit. Someone to meet a necessity of life that is motivated by a motive or hope to get a profit / profit.
This motive is an impetus that arises with the aim of getting additional benefits, both in the form of money and goods. By getting a profit it is expected that a person's wealth can increase and he can maintain his survival better.
For example: a clothing merchant sells clothes with very good quality and relatively cheap prices and by serving them very friendly. Many people buy so he gets a lot of profit.
3. Motives for gaining economic power
The motive to get economic power is a desire of people who are already prosperous, but still to carry out an economic action due to the urge to get a power in various business activities in an economy.
For example: In a village that is happening in the election of a new lurah. Pak Ari, one of the lurah candidates, capitalizes on repairing damaged roads in his village, and organizes free medical treatment to the people in his village with the hope that in the village head election, he will get a voice of support from the surrounding community.
4. Motive to get an award
The motive for getting an award is a human action that is encouraged to get an award. Appreciation from others will provide a sense of satisfaction for an actor in economic activity. The award in question is not just to get a compliment or a charter but also wants to be in a higher social status than the surrounding community.
For example: there is a manager or entrepreneur still doing an economic activity with hard work even though he has achieved profits and prosperity. This was done so that he appeared as a reliable and respected manager. This achievement is not uncommon to produce an award from the government and from the business community. For example the manager is classified into the Top Manager version of an economic magazine and the company he manages receives an award from the government.
5. Social motives
Social motives are things that encourage people to take an economic action because they want to help others. Humans are economic creatures who are both social creatures. In addition to paying attention to a self-interest, humans must also care for each other. Social motives namely the encouragement that with an economic action that is done can provide a benefit or advantage for others.
Business Characteristics
In the world of economy, business has the following characteristics:
Social and economic institutions or institutions or organizations
Associated with a variety of goods and services that meet human needs.
Looking for profit, profit or profit.
Determine the appropriate price
There will be a possibility of loss
There are three important things in business, namely: producing goods and services, looking for profit, and maximizing consumer needs.
Types of Activities of a Business
Business activities as an organization, can consist of:
Production: creation of goods and services.
Finance: activities to find the funds needed to carry out trade activities.
Marketing: Activities to inform goods and services, identify consumer desires.
Human resource management: activities to find workers and improve their abilities.
The Purpose Of A Business
The business goal, according to Sternberg, is to multiply the values of company owners through the sale of goods or services. The intended value here is of course economic value or profit, simply the purpose of a business activity is to multiply the profits for the owner of the company or business by selling goods and services. The assertion that multiplying profits is the only objective of business is identical by saying that it is essential that business cannot be separated from capitalism.
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